We developed a framework of instrumentation, experimental design and data-evaluation to maximize the information gained in macro-patch concentration clamp experiments. It is based on three components:

1. A fast, piezo-driven 30-channel solution applicator. Its microfluidic structure assumes minute reagent consumption.
2. Direct recording of the instrument response e.g. solution exchange/diffusion during the experiment
3. Explicit analytical treatment of diffusion processes in the patch, allowing to determine time constants faster than the solution exchange.

With this framework we will design complex concentration protocols, similar to voltage clamp protocols. These allowto focus in more detail on selected transitions in Markov models. Furthermore it enables us to differentiate competing models by testing predicted reactions to such extended concentration protocols.